Relation of vagotomy to subsequent risk of lung cancer: population based cohort study.

Relation between cold stress and mortality The general cold stress and mortality related to cold seen at temperatures below 0°C in Yekaterinburg, and their absence at temperatures above 0°C, can be most easily explained by a causal relation between mortality and cold stress. These results reinforce those of our earlier study, which showed an association between cold stress and mortality among different populations in western Europe; they also support the findings of a time series analysis which showed close temporal associations between cold weather and cause-specific mortalities in England. The results of this study suggest that most of the increase in mortality associated with cold weather in western Europe—which occurs mainly at temperatures above 0°C—could be prevented by a combination of simple protective measures against outdoor cold and ensuring that houses are warm.